Technical Introduction To Domestic Sewage Treatment Equipment

Technical Introduction to Domestic Sewage Treatment Equipment

I. Overview

1. Classification of Rural Sewage Treatment:

Sewage treatment is generally categorized into three levels: "primary treatment","secondary treatment (biological)", and "tertiary treatment (advanced)".

Primary Treatment:

Removes suspended solids and organic matter through screens or sedimentation tanks. Typically reduces suspended solids (SS), BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand), and pathogens by ~50%.

Enhanced primary treatment may involve chemical/microbial flocculants (e.g., lime) to accelerate sedimentation.

Secondary Treatment:

Uses biological processes (e.g., activated sludge, anaerobic digestion) to degrade organic pollutants, reducing BOD further. Anaerobic systems can generate biogas. Pathogen removal efficiency reaches 90%.

Tertiary Treatment:

Advanced methods likechemical coagulation, activated carbon adsorption, reverse osmosis (RO), and disinfection (UV/chlorination) to remove residual organics, salts, and pathogens. Ensures water meets reuse standards (e.g., irrigation, landscape use).

2. Domestic Sewage Treatment Systems

Two main approaches: centralized and decentralized (dispersed) systems.

2.1 Centralized Systems

Small-scale sewage treatment plants, constructed wetlands, or soil infiltration systems.

Combine physical, chemical, and biological processes for large-scale purification.

Cost: Higher capital/operational expenses (except wetlands, which cost 1/3–2/3 of traditional plants).

2.2 Decentralized Systems

Compact, integrated units (e.g., RMZ All-in-One Treatment Equipment).

Modular designs with combined physical/chemical/biological processes.

Advantages: Lower investment, energy-efficient, flexible installation.

Benefits of Treatment:

Economic: Reclaimed water for irrigation reduces freshwater demand.

Environmental: Improves local ecology (e.g., wetlands enhance biodiversity).

Social: Supports sustainable rural development.

II. Product Introduction

2.1 RMZ All-in-One Sewage Treatment Equipment (Above-Ground Type)

(Detailed specifications to follow in subsequent sections.)

2.1.2 RMZ Integrated Sewage Treatment Equipment (Underground Type)

2.1.3 Equipment Internal Integrated System Composition:

2.2 Process Introduction

Domestic sewage enters the wastewater grid channel through the collection pipeline. After preliminary treatment in the grid channel, the wastewater flows by gravity into the regulating tank, then is pumped into the integrated treatment equipment. Inside the equipment, the wastewater sequentially passes through:

Anaerobic zone

Anoxic zone

Aerobic zone

Sedimentation zone

Pollutants in the wastewater are thoroughly degraded by microorganisms or separated from the water. The mixed liquor from the aerobic zone is returned to the anoxic zone via an airlift reflux device, while sludge from the bottom of the sedimentation zone is returned to the pre-denitrification zone through another airlift device. The effluent from the aerobic zone flows into the sedimentation zone for solid-liquid separation, and the supernatant from the sedimentation tank is discharged after UV disinfection.

III. Technical Advantages

3.1 Five Major Product Advantages of Intelligent Integrated Sewage Treatment Equipment:

Intelligent Closed-loop Control:

Incorporates water quality sensors for closed-loop control management to ensure effluent compliance.

Flexible Expansion:

Capacity can be expanded through parallel connection according to treatment needs.

High Efficiency & Energy Saving: Features automatic control of high-efficiency biological fillers and precise aeration for optimal performance with lower energy consumption.

Smart Operation Management: Local intelligent operation enables efficient, convenient, and precise management, effectively reducing operational costs.

Compact & Highly Integrated Design: Space-saving structure with options for above-ground or underground installation.

3.2 Flexible and Diverse Design Options:

Standard Type:

Design premise: Stable effluent compliance

Core technology: Biological treatment

Concept: High efficiency with low consumption

Integrated functions: Biochemical treatment, sedimentation, disinfection

Features: Industrialized, standardized, informationized, and intelligent product

Effluent Standard:

Class 1A

Enhanced Type:

For high-concentration domestic sewage or projects with stricter local standards

Process: AO+MBR or A2O+MBR

The MBR module enables the system to meet higher effluent requirements and handle more challenging influent quality

Effluent Standard: Class 1A/Quasi-Class IV

3.3 Integrated Features:

Integrated process system

Integrated monitoring system

Professional exterior design

3.4 Process Characteristic Comparison

3.5 Process Advantages and Features:

3.5.1  Easy Control of Process Parameters: Complete separation of SRT (Sludge Retention Time) and HRT (Hydraulic Retention Time) achievable within the reactor; membrane separation unit remains unaffected by factors like sludge bulking.

3.5.2  Low Residual Sludge Production: Effective sludge-water separation results in low effluent turbidity.

3.5.3  Reduced Construction Costs: High sludge concentration in the reactor increases volumetric loading capacity, allowing for smaller bioreactor volume.

3.5.4  High Nitrification Efficiency: Elevated MLSS (Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids) in the reactor provides superior shock load resistance compared to conventional biological methods.

3.5.5  Stable, Compliant Effluent Quality: Replaces traditional secondary sedimentation tanks, effectively retaining microbial flocs and macromolecular organics within the reactor.

IV. Operation & Maintenance Management:

4.1  Automated Daily Monitoring  (unattended operation) includes:

4.1.1 Aeration volume at diffusion points

4.1.2 Color and odor of activated sludge

4.1.3 Sludge concentration and viscosity

4.1.4 pH levels

4.1.5 Water temperature and level

4.2  Scheduled Maintenance  for membrane modules:

Regular cleaning

Replacement services

4.3  Integrated System Monitoring: Centralized control management for operational status tracking.

Key Technical Terms Retained:

SRT/HRT (industry-standard abbreviations)

MLSS (universally recognized in wastewater treatment)

Membrane separation unit (specific technical descriptor)

V. Key Focus Areas

5.1 Characteristics of Rural Wastewater

5.1.1  Large Total Volume but Small Individual Discharge: While cumulative wastewater generation is significant, individual household volumes are relatively low.

5.1.2  Highly Variable Quality & Quantity: Fluctuations in composition and flow rate, with irregular discharge patterns.

5.1.3  Dispersed Sources: Difficult and economically unviable to implement large-scale sewer networks for collection.

5.2 Challenges in Rural Wastewater Treatment

5.2.1  Bottlenecks in Pollution Control:

Lack of funding

Absence of scientific planning

Inefficient coordination

Insufficient technical standards

No long-term management mechanisms

5.2.2  Technical Limitations: Urban wastewater treatment technologies are unsuitable; tailored rural solutions must be developed.

5.2.3  Management Gaps: Missing operational guidelines and standards.

5.2.4  Systemic Issues: No sustainable investment or long-term operation models for rural facilities.

5.3 Priorities for Rural Wastewater System Upgrades

5.3.1 Site Selection:

1. Maximize use of idle land ("fill every available gap").

2. Ensure moderate proximity to sources.

3. Coordinate land adjustments carefully.

4. Assess soil layers thoroughly.

5. Avoid main village roads where possible.

6. Elevation planning to prevent backflow.

5.3.2 Pipeline Installation: Standardized, high-quality construction aligned with village planning.

5.3.3 Pipe Diameter: Adequate sizing to prevent clogging.

5.3.4 Terminal System Oversight: Robust monitoring of treatment endpoints.

5.3.5 Ecological Integration: Strategic planting to enhance environmental aesthetics.

Key Translation Notes:

Retained technical terms (e.g., "backflow," "terminal system") for accuracy.

Structured bullet points for clarity in implementation guidance.

Adapted idioms ("fill every available gap") to convey intent while remaining idiomatic in English.

Emphasized action-oriented language for practical application.